As a lifelong hunter and outdoor writer, I’ve spent countless hours in the field pursuing upland game, and one question consistently arises: what are the best pheasant loads? Specifically, what 20ga pheasant loads should you be using? The answer isn’t simple, and it’s become even more complex with the increasing need for non-toxic shot. This guide will break down everything you need to know about selecting the right ammunition for a successful and ethical pheasant hunt, covering steel, bismuth, and other alternatives, with a focus on the versatile 20 gauge. We’ll cover shot size for pheasant hunting, specific load recommendations, and considerations for different hunting scenarios.
For decades, lead shot was the standard for upland bird hunting. However, the detrimental effects of lead on wildlife and the environment are well-documented. Lead poisoning affects scavenging birds, mammals, and even humans who consume game harvested with lead ammunition. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). As a result, many states and federal lands now require the use of non-toxic shot for all hunting activities. This has led to a surge in popularity of steel, bismuth, and tungsten-based alternatives. Understanding what is non toxic shot is the first step to responsible hunting.
Steel shot is the most affordable non-toxic shotgun shells option, and it’s become the go-to choice for many hunters. However, steel is significantly lighter than lead. To achieve comparable range and penetration, you need to use larger shot sizes for pheasant hunting with steel than you would with lead. This is because steel loses velocity more quickly. The general rule of thumb is to move up two shot sizes when switching from lead to steel. For example, if you typically use a #5 lead load, switch to a #3 steel load. (National Park Service).
The 20 gauge non toxic shells market has expanded significantly in recent years. Here are some of the top contenders for steel pheasant loads:
Determining the best steel shot size for pheasant depends on the range you’re expecting to shoot at and the density of the cover. Here’s a quick guide:
Remember, steel shot patterns tighter than lead, so consider using a more open choke to compensate. Consult your shotgun’s manual for choke recommendations. (Remington Steel Shot Guide)
While steel is the most common non toxic pheasant loads option, it’s not without its drawbacks. Steel can be hard on older shotguns, and its performance can be lacking at longer ranges. This is where bismuth and tungsten alloys come into play.
Kent bismuth upland loads are gaining popularity as a premium non lead shotgun shells alternative. Bismuth is significantly denser than steel, meaning it retains more energy and patterns more similarly to lead. This allows you to use smaller shot sizes for pheasant hunting, resulting in softer shooting and less gun wear. However, bismuth is considerably more expensive than steel. I’ve found that a #6 bismuth load performs remarkably well on pheasant, even at moderate ranges.
Tungsten alloys are the densest non toxic shot shells available, offering performance comparable to lead. However, they are also the most expensive option. Tungsten is typically reserved for specialized hunting situations where maximum range and penetration are required.
The age-old debate! While the 12 gauge is traditionally considered the standard for pheasant hunting, the 20 gauge pheasant loads have come a long way. The 20 gauge offers several advantages:
However, the 12 gauge still holds an edge in terms of sheer power and pattern density, particularly at longer ranges. Ultimately, the best gauge depends on your personal preference and hunting style.
Here’s a breakdown of best pheasant loads based on common hunting scenarios:
| Scenario | Gauge | Shot Type | Shot Size | Recommended Load |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Fields, Long Shots (30-40 yards) | 20ga | Steel | #4 | Federal Prairie Storm Steel #4 |
| Moderate Cover, Medium Shots (20-30 yards) | 20ga | Steel | #5 | Winchester Royal Blue Steel #5 |
| Dense Cover, Close Shots (Under 20 yards) | 20ga | Bismuth | #6 | Kent Bismuth Upland #6 |
| Open Fields, Long Shots (30-40 yards) | 12ga | Steel | #3 | Federal Prairie Storm Steel #3 |
Let's be honest, cheapest steel shot is a concern for many hunters. While performance shouldn't be sacrificed, there are ways to save money. Look for bulk packs from retailers like Cabela's, Bass Pro Shops, and Academy Sports + Outdoors. Consider less-branded options, but read reviews carefully to ensure quality. Also, remember that non toxic dove loads often utilize steel shot and can be a more affordable option if you also hunt doves.
Selecting the right best load for pheasant hunting requires careful consideration of your hunting style, the terrain, and the regulations in your area. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different loads and shot size for pheasant to find what works best for you. Prioritize ethical hunting practices by using non toxic ammo and ensuring a clean, humane harvest. And remember, practice makes perfect – spend time at the range patterning your shotgun with different loads to maximize your effectiveness in the field. For more information on ethical hunting practices, visit the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics and the USDA Forest Service hunting resources. Happy hunting!
Disclaimer: Hunting regulations vary by state and location. Always check and comply with all applicable laws and regulations before hunting.